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The scientists detect the amount of the oxygen-18 isotope present in the sediment cores and use this data to deduce the past salinity and temperature of the seawater. These sediments are made of a calcified species of plankton called foraminifera. The warm water heats up the atmosphere and assures the mild western European weather in spite of the high latitude (Western Europe is at the same latitude as chilly Labrador).ĭavid Lund of the Californian Institute of Technology (Caltech) and his colleagues have studied the sediments from the region where the Gulf Stream enters the North Atlantic Ocean, called the Florida Straits. The Gulf Stream is a current in the Atlantic Ocean that takes warm water from the tropical mid-Atlantic up to Europe's western coastline. The last Frost Fair was held in February 1814 and lasted only four days.Ī new study published in Nature argues that the cause of the mini ice age had to do with the weakening of the Gulf Stream. Here's a 1677 painting of the Frozen Thames by an unknown author (the Museum of London).
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The Thames used to freeze so often that London even had carnivals on the ice called the Frost Fairs.
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Legend has it that almost five centuries ago, England's King Henry VIII crossed the Thames River by horse on the frozen surface. Between 12, Northwestern Europe had experienced a mini ice age.